AP
Eurpean
History
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. The transformation that Britain had overcame was something historical due to the fact that Britain had pioneered not only in new technologies, but in social relation and the city life.
Britain had a very vibrant scientific and Enlightenment culture, which allowed industrialists to exploit the latest findings of scientists and technicians from other countries. Early textile industries in Britain focused on Wool production, by individual artisans. Britain benefited from rich natural resources and well created infrastructure. Rivers and canals which served for transportation and enormous depositions of iron and coal all combined together to help form the revolution. The Crystal Palace is in great significance to the Industrial Revolution. This is the place where the industrial fair was held at which had more than 6 million visitors from all over Europe. This fair celebrated the new era of industrial technology and the kingdom's role as world economic leader.
While Britain was striving for excellence other contries bagan to become influenced by it. Continental was one of thos countries that wanted to adapt to this new undustrialization. During the eighteenth century Europe was in an era of improvement in agriculture, increase in population, growing foreign trade, and a growing cottage industry. Continental Europe was was close behind Britain's clear superiority. A major factor that created a halt for economic development for Europe was the Napoleonic Wrs which created major political and social upheaval. Europe faced a few challenges as they entered this new era. One of the major challenges was that because Britain's nw technologies were so advanced and complicated, there wasn't many people outside of Europe that understood it. They also had a few advantages such as a rich tradition of putting-out enterprise. Europe's success of beginning this new industrialization took place despite the best efforts of the Brititsh to prevent it. Other continental governemnts began to want to join such as the Prussian Government. The Prussian Government gave an invaluable support for railroads. It assured that the state treasury would paid the railroads if companies in Prussia weren't able to.
Canals
Railroads
Trade Agreements
There had been a time where it was cheaper to ship things by water than by land, and not one part of England was at least 50 miles from water. In the 1770's the building of canals boomed. Rivers and canals allowed easier movement of England's and Wales's enormous depositions of iron and coal, resources that were greatly needed.
Railroads were a great new comer, for it reduced the cost and uncertainty of shipping freight over land. Railways were used to transport different materials such as coal faster to places which increased the production of goods.It also allowed a work force for people, because it allowed poeple to travel to cities. Everything basically benefited from the railroads.
In the heart of the Industrial Revolution in Britain there were a few trades that were being made to be able to produce goods. The expanding of the Atlantic economy and trade with india and china contributed to Great Britain. With a strong position in Latin America and in the African Slave Trade Britain augmented by the mercantilist colonial empire that they had built.
Second Industrial Revolution
With a steady growth and a continuation of the industrial revolution came a period known as the Second Industrial Revolution. During this period eastern and southern Europe began the routes of the modern industrialization to a whole new extent. This new beginning to a whole new world started with a mass production of bessemer steel and progressed to other new technologies such as the telegraph, steamships which came out in 1770's, telephones, radios, and even airplanes. This period drove urban reforms and a rising considerable living standard in this chapter.
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Mckay Text Book
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